Toxicological evaluation of native rodenticide formulations against Mastomys natalensis: implications for crop production and ecosystem safety

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of four rodenticides: Indomethacin, bromadiolone, cement, and a botanical product in controlling Mastomys natalensis (multimammate rats). A total of 120 rats were divided into groups of 15, each receiving bait treated with one rodenticide for nine consecutive days. Key parameters such as bait intake, mortality rate, and internal organ changes were monitored. Histopathological analysis showed severe damage in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, and lungs of rats treated with Indomethacin, bromadiolone, and cement, with evidence of hemorrhage, discoloration, and weight loss. Indomethacin was the most effective rodenticide, followed by bromadiolone and cement. The botanical rodenticide had no significant impact on mortality or organ pathology. Data analysis using one-way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc tests confirmed significant differences among treatments. The study recommends further research on field applications and ecological effects of these rodenticides.